It’s hot!  And it’s going to get hotter.  As high heat and humidity warnings spread across southern Quebec, the local weather networks say it’s not going to let up.   

When the humidex rises, we are instantly bombarded by the media with stories about people fainting or experiencing problems with certain health conditions.  Sometimes, the consequences are fatal.  It makes one wonder why people aren’t taking the proper steps to protect themselves or if they even know how to.

Further to our discussion last week about heat and diabetes, it’s a good idea to reiterate the fact that heat can deteriorate any health condition.  Exposure to such extreme weather can cause muscle cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.  Knowing what signs to look for is the first step in preventing complications during the hot summer months.

What’s the difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke?

Heat exhaustion usually results when individuals exert themselves, either through work or play, in hot weather.  As sweating increases, the humidity prevents the sweat from evaporating and the body overheats.  An individual’s temperature can reach up to 104 F.

 Symptoms can include:

• Pale, cool and moist skin
• Sweating profusely
• Muscle cramps or pains
• Feeling faint or dizzy
• Possible headache, weakness, thirst and nausea
• Increased pulse rate
• Increased temperature over 100 F

 The main characterizing difference of heatstroke results from its potential life-threatening consequences.  It occurs because of a disturbance to the body’s temperature regulating mechanism.  An individual’s temperature can rise above 105 F and can cause damage to other bodily functions and organs.  Infants and the elderly are at particular risk of heatstroke.

 Symptoms can include:

• Unconsciousness or abnormal mental status (dizziness, confusion, hallucinations)
• Flushed, hot, and dry skin
• Slightly elevated blood pressure at first that drops later
• Hyperventilation
• Temperature rises above 105 F.

 What to do?

If you suspect heat exhaustion, you can try a few things to bring down the body temperature:

• Rest in a cool, shaded area.
• Give cool water to drink.  Do not give any beverages containing alcohol or caffeine.
• Loosen or remove heaving and restrictive clothing.
• Apply cool water or cool damp cloth to skin.

 Treating heatstroke is not something you can do on your own.  If you suspect heatstroke, call an ambulance or go to the hospital right away.  If symptoms of heat exhaustion don’t alleviate, you will need medical help!

 Prevention is key

• Drink. Drink. Drink – even when you are not thirsty.  Hydrate your body before you need it.  No caffeine or alcohol.
• Rest and Relaxation – avoid exertion and exercise.  You can afford to sit this one out.
• Keep it casual – wear lightweight, light-colored clothing.  Avoid wools and heavy knits.
• Back to basics – avoid using appliances like stoves or hairdryers.  Make simple foods and let your hair air dry.
• Communicate – tell someone you know that you are OK or check in with your loved one throughout the day.
• Chill out!  Take cool showers as often as needed or keep some damp cloths in the refrigerator to fetch when you need a cool down.

Don’t let the heat get you down.  Be smart and be aware; the sun can be fun if you let it.

References: www.emedicinehealth.com